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Abstract Classes

An abstract class cannot be instantiated directly — it serves as a base for other classes.

Syntax​

Shape abstract class {
    abstract Area method() as float;
}

Abstract Methods​

Methods marked abstract have no body — subclasses must implement them:

AbstractFeature abstract class {
    abstract Run method() as int;
}

Implementing Abstract Methods​

ConcreteFeature class inherits AbstractFeature {
    override Run method() as int {
        return 42;
    }
}

Cannot Instantiate​

s is Shape();    // ❌ compile error — abstract
c is ConcreteFeature();  // ✅ OK

Next Steps​